The team of reporters behind the Star Tribune’s Denied Justice series spent how two years doing research, diligent digging through hundreds of rape stories. It was work that needed to be done to identify systematic problems in rape investigations across the state, and to find victims willing share their stories to help challenge the status quo. It was also work that deeply impacted those who did it. In this episode, we look at how producing the series changed the reporters and editors who worked on it, and also led to important changes in how law enforcement in Minnesota will handle rape and sexual assault cases going forward.

In 2012, Justin Boardman, a police officer in Utah, attended a training class that led him to a disturbing realization: He had been closing rape cases without properly investigating them. The reason? He had failed to understand the psychological impact of trauma and how it affected the responses of victims he interviewed. Boardman was wracked with guilt over the past cases he feared he had mishandled, but he resisted the temptation to quit and instead teamed up with a nurse and a prosecutor to fundamentally change the way police investigated rape and sexual assault cases in the state.

Emma Top was raped by her best friend, and the man was found guilty by a jury of felony sex assault. According to the Minnesota sentencing guidelines, he was supposed to serve four years in a state prison, but he was sentenced to a year in the county jail, and was out nine months for good behavior. Top felt betrayed by the justice system. A Star Tribune investigation found that lenient sentences for rape and sexual assault are commonplace in Minnesota, especially when the victim knows the rapist. This episode tells Emma's story, and looks at why convicted rapist get lighter sentences, often avoiding prison time all together.